Scientific Association of Waste ManagementHuman Ecology3041-92553920250120Investigating the Impact of Ethnic Tourism on Sustainable Tourism in Terms of Tourism Development in Tabriz CityInvestigating the Impact of Ethnic Tourism on Sustainable Tourism in Terms of Tourism Development in Tabriz City66568421507810.22034/el.2025.499874.1046FAAliZeynali AzimPostdoctoral researcher of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Dabir Shahid Rajaei, University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-5486-8452MirSaidMoosaviAssistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranFarzadZarbakhshAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, IranAydaMostafazadeh BazarganMsc in Architecture student, Faculty of Architecture, Non-Profit Roshdieh University, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20250114Ethnic tourism, as a significant branch of cultural tourism, has notable impacts on various dimensions of sustainable development, particularly in the social-cultural, physical, economic, and environmental aspects. The main objective of this study is to examine the role of ethnic tourism in the sustainable development of Tabriz city. This research is descriptive-analytical and applied in nature, with data collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire. The target population includes both domestic and international tourists, as well as residents of Tabriz who have visited the city at least once or live there. The sample size, determined using Cochran's formula with an unlimited population and a 95% confidence level, is 384 individuals. The sampling method is random, involving both tourists and residents of the city. For data analysis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), correlation, regression, and path analysis methods were employed, and the data were analyzed using Smart PLS and SPSS software. The results of the study indicated that ethnic tourism has positive and significant impacts on various aspects of sustainable development in Tabriz. In the socio-cultural dimension, local customs and handicrafts, with a path coefficient of 0.48, have a positive impact on strengthening cultural identity and social relationships. In the physical dimension, staying in local homes, with a path coefficient of 0.43, contributes to preserving urban spaces and strengthening connections with indigenous architecture. In the economic dimension, local handicrafts, with a path coefficient of 0.50, and the participation of local communities, with a path coefficient of 0.45, play a crucial role in creating sustainable employment and distributing economic benefits among local people. This study shows that ethnic tourism can be a significant factor in the sustainable development of Tabriz and, if managed properly, can improve the economic situation, preserve cultural-social identity, and protect the natural and built heritage of the city.Ethnic tourism, as a significant branch of cultural tourism, has notable impacts on various dimensions of sustainable development, particularly in the social-cultural, physical, economic, and environmental aspects. The main objective of this study is to examine the role of ethnic tourism in the sustainable development of Tabriz city. This research is descriptive-analytical and applied in nature, with data collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire. The target population includes both domestic and international tourists, as well as residents of Tabriz who have visited the city at least once or live there. The sample size, determined using Cochran's formula with an unlimited population and a 95% confidence level, is 384 individuals. The sampling method is random, involving both tourists and residents of the city. For data analysis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), correlation, regression, and path analysis methods were employed, and the data were analyzed using Smart PLS and SPSS software. The results of the study indicated that ethnic tourism has positive and significant impacts on various aspects of sustainable development in Tabriz. In the socio-cultural dimension, local customs and handicrafts, with a path coefficient of 0.48, have a positive impact on strengthening cultural identity and social relationships. In the physical dimension, staying in local homes, with a path coefficient of 0.43, contributes to preserving urban spaces and strengthening connections with indigenous architecture. In the economic dimension, local handicrafts, with a path coefficient of 0.50, and the participation of local communities, with a path coefficient of 0.45, play a crucial role in creating sustainable employment and distributing economic benefits among local people. This study shows that ethnic tourism can be a significant factor in the sustainable development of Tabriz and, if managed properly, can improve the economic situation, preserve cultural-social identity, and protect the natural and built heritage of the city.https://www.landscapeecologyjournals.ir/article_215078_43cc5cf7ecd3cbaf0a45fcec6b065420.pdfScientific Association of Waste ManagementHuman Ecology3041-92553920250120Oil and its effects on development in Iran in the 1340sOil and its effects on development in Iran in the 1340s68569421627310.22034/el.2025.508544.1066FAMaryamSalariPHD student in the history of Iran after Islam, Department of History, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, IranSoheilaTorabi FarsaniAssociate Professor, Department of History, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, IranNaserJadidiAssociate Professor, Department of History, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, IranJournal Article20250223After the Second World War and especially after the coup d'état on August 28, 1332 AH, which was rooted in oil, relative stability gradually prevailed in Iran due to the government's move towards tyranny. At this time, the will of the top of the pyramid of power to industrialize and on the other hand increase the price of oil and the resulting wealth played an important role in development. In this regard, the industrial and civil aspects, and the social and political effects resulting from it can be investigated. This article relies on the question of what effects oil has had on the development process in Iran in the 1940s. has been compiled. The purpose of writing the article is to analyze the various dimensions of the role of oil in industrial development and construction plans, as well as its social and political reflection in the mentioned decade. This research is one of the historical researches according to the descriptive-analytical method and the information related to its implementation has been written in a library style. The result of the present research shows that the will to achieve development based on oil wealth gave Iran's industry a fundamental but unstable transformation. It changed the face of the cities, but the lack of balance in the balanced benefit of the social classes from development in its economic and political concepts, the gap between the government and the nation led to irreconcilabilityAfter the Second World War and especially after the coup d'état on August 28, 1332 AH, which was rooted in oil, relative stability gradually prevailed in Iran due to the government's move towards tyranny. At this time, the will of the top of the pyramid of power to industrialize and on the other hand increase the price of oil and the resulting wealth played an important role in development. In this regard, the industrial and civil aspects, and the social and political effects resulting from it can be investigated. This article relies on the question of what effects oil has had on the development process in Iran in the 1940s. has been compiled. The purpose of writing the article is to analyze the various dimensions of the role of oil in industrial development and construction plans, as well as its social and political reflection in the mentioned decade. This research is one of the historical researches according to the descriptive-analytical method and the information related to its implementation has been written in a library style. The result of the present research shows that the will to achieve development based on oil wealth gave Iran's industry a fundamental but unstable transformation. It changed the face of the cities, but the lack of balance in the balanced benefit of the social classes from development in its economic and political concepts, the gap between the government and the nation led to irreconcilabilityhttps://www.landscapeecologyjournals.ir/article_216273_cb64053ca32e3f90bfc7cf625c308b96.pdfScientific Association of Waste ManagementHuman Ecology3041-92553920250120The Impact of Teacher Training on Learning Style Performance in Precedent-Based Design EducationThe Impact of Teacher Training on Learning Style Performance in Precedent-Based Design Education69570721519510.22034/el.2025.506063.1059FASajedeMamsouriPh.D. Candidate of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, IranHesamaddinSotoudehAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, IranHobehTahvildariAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Bandarabbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandarabbas, IranJournal Article20250211This study delves into the impact of teacher training, specifically focusing on its role as a source of guidance and advice, on the performance of learning styles within an educational methodology centered on architectural precedents. The research employed a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design with a control group, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating architectural precedents into the learning process. The study population comprised 39 undergraduate architecture students enrolled at Tehran Azad University, divided into two parallel groups: an experimental group (n=19) and a control group (n=20). To assess learning styles, the Kolb Learning Style Inventory was administered to both groups prior to the intervention. The findings of this study revealed a significant positive impact of teacher training incorporating architectural precedents on the performance of learning styles and design outcomes. Notably, the students in the experimental group demonstrated a marked improvement in their ability to apply divergent thinking, suggesting that the training fostered greater creativity and innovation in their design approaches. This shift towards divergent thinking underscores the potential of teacher training in enhancing student creativity and adaptability within a precedent-based learning environment. Furthermore, the results indicated that the targeted use of objective experience, through exposure to architectural precedents, contributed to the development of more diverse and effective learning stylesThis study delves into the impact of teacher training, specifically focusing on its role as a source of guidance and advice, on the performance of learning styles within an educational methodology centered on architectural precedents. The research employed a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design with a control group, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating architectural precedents into the learning process. The study population comprised 39 undergraduate architecture students enrolled at Tehran Azad University, divided into two parallel groups: an experimental group (n=19) and a control group (n=20). To assess learning styles, the Kolb Learning Style Inventory was administered to both groups prior to the intervention. The findings of this study revealed a significant positive impact of teacher training incorporating architectural precedents on the performance of learning styles and design outcomes. Notably, the students in the experimental group demonstrated a marked improvement in their ability to apply divergent thinking, suggesting that the training fostered greater creativity and innovation in their design approaches. This shift towards divergent thinking underscores the potential of teacher training in enhancing student creativity and adaptability within a precedent-based learning environment. Furthermore, the results indicated that the targeted use of objective experience, through exposure to architectural precedents, contributed to the development of more diverse and effective learning styleshttps://www.landscapeecologyjournals.ir/article_215195_1ec203f85b23834e48b85dbda91fc33d.pdfScientific Association of Waste ManagementHuman Ecology3041-92553920250120Identifying the effective solutions of human ecology in the sustainable development of sports infrastructure in IranIdentifying the effective solutions of human ecology in the sustainable development of sports infrastructure in Iran70872421635410.22034/el.2025.501171.1050FAMohammadZare AbandansariSports Management Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranAbbasNaghizadeh BaghiAssociate Professor, Department of Sports management, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran0000-0001-7231-7857MahdiNaghizadeh Baghisports management at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranJournal Article20250121Insufficient attention to human ecology principles leads to the degradation of natural resources, neglect of human capacities, and ultimately, a mismatch between sports infrastructure and society’s real needs. Thus, analyzing the role of human ecology in planning and implementing sports infrastructure in Iran is crucial for sustainable development. This applied qualitative study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach. Participants included 15 experts selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi structured interviews and analyzed using MAXQDA 2020. Ninety-six sub themes emerged, categorized into seven main themes: sustainable design and management of sports facilities, green sporting event planning, green sports policy making, human resource management, environmental education and culture promotion, innovation and technology in human ecology compatible sports, and nature-based sports development. A deep understanding of interactions between natural, social, and technological resources is key to achieving sustainable sports infrastructure. In facility design and management, adopting green technologies such as smart energy systems and climate-responsive architecture reduces operational costs and environmental impacts. Sporting events, as drivers of environmental and social effects, require comprehensive strategies for waste management, transportation, and energy efficiency. Promoting nature based sports and ecotourism, while adhering to environmental guidelines, enhances human nature interaction and aids in rehabilitating damaged ecosystems. Integrating these principles into national policies and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration can align sports infrastructure with ecological and societal needs, ensuring long term sustainability. This study underscores the necessity of embedding human ecology frameworks into sports planning to balance development with environmental stewardship and community well being.Insufficient attention to human ecology principles leads to the degradation of natural resources, neglect of human capacities, and ultimately, a mismatch between sports infrastructure and society’s real needs. Thus, analyzing the role of human ecology in planning and implementing sports infrastructure in Iran is crucial for sustainable development. This applied qualitative study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach. Participants included 15 experts selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi structured interviews and analyzed using MAXQDA 2020. Ninety-six sub themes emerged, categorized into seven main themes: sustainable design and management of sports facilities, green sporting event planning, green sports policy making, human resource management, environmental education and culture promotion, innovation and technology in human ecology compatible sports, and nature-based sports development. A deep understanding of interactions between natural, social, and technological resources is key to achieving sustainable sports infrastructure. In facility design and management, adopting green technologies such as smart energy systems and climate-responsive architecture reduces operational costs and environmental impacts. Sporting events, as drivers of environmental and social effects, require comprehensive strategies for waste management, transportation, and energy efficiency. Promoting nature based sports and ecotourism, while adhering to environmental guidelines, enhances human nature interaction and aids in rehabilitating damaged ecosystems. Integrating these principles into national policies and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration can align sports infrastructure with ecological and societal needs, ensuring long term sustainability. This study underscores the necessity of embedding human ecology frameworks into sports planning to balance development with environmental stewardship and community well being.https://www.landscapeecologyjournals.ir/article_216354_537771be21f9e1fea92379e44b531054.pdfScientific Association of Waste ManagementHuman Ecology3041-92553920250120The doctrines of sustainable development in the documents of United Nations conferencesThe doctrines of sustainable development in the documents of United Nations conferences72573221607610.22034/el.2025.502432.1054FABijanNaderipourPhD student, Department of Public International Law, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSeyed GhasemZamaniProfessor of Public and International Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, IranHosseinSharifi TarazkohiProfessor, Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAhadBagharzadehAssociate Professor, Department of Law, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250126The concept of sustainable development was explained against the indiscriminate use of natural resources, and in the definition, it is said to be a development that guarantees the fulfillment of the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing the abilities of the future generation in order to fulfill their needs. But in the course of semantic evolution, sustainable development in economic, social and environmental protection dimensions has covered a wider scope. What is clear in the documents of the United Nations conferences on environment and development is the important and extended origin of sustainable development, its goals and objectives and its implementation strategies. In these documents, how to achieve the goals and objectives of sustainable development in coherent forms in the form of cooperation between countries and the governments have crystallized and the agendas of the United Nations conferences have determined and drawn the executive solutions to advance the ideals and goals. In the documents of the United Nations Conferences, the change in the ideals and goals of sustainable development is visible, as effective variables such as the acceptance of the position of interstate negotiations in determining goals, the necessity of universality of goals and a balanced approach to the three dimensions of sustainable development have been included in the compilation of the document. In this document, the implementation methods of the ideals and goals and strategies for the realization of sustainable development in the form of the national responsibility of the governments that are in harmony with their international obligations through the enabling international environment in fields such as global trade, financial and monetary systems and access to Knowledge and technology are supported.The concept of sustainable development was explained against the indiscriminate use of natural resources, and in the definition, it is said to be a development that guarantees the fulfillment of the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing the abilities of the future generation in order to fulfill their needs. But in the course of semantic evolution, sustainable development in economic, social and environmental protection dimensions has covered a wider scope. What is clear in the documents of the United Nations conferences on environment and development is the important and extended origin of sustainable development, its goals and objectives and its implementation strategies. In these documents, how to achieve the goals and objectives of sustainable development in coherent forms in the form of cooperation between countries and the governments have crystallized and the agendas of the United Nations conferences have determined and drawn the executive solutions to advance the ideals and goals. In the documents of the United Nations Conferences, the change in the ideals and goals of sustainable development is visible, as effective variables such as the acceptance of the position of interstate negotiations in determining goals, the necessity of universality of goals and a balanced approach to the three dimensions of sustainable development have been included in the compilation of the document. In this document, the implementation methods of the ideals and goals and strategies for the realization of sustainable development in the form of the national responsibility of the governments that are in harmony with their international obligations through the enabling international environment in fields such as global trade, financial and monetary systems and access to Knowledge and technology are supported.https://www.landscapeecologyjournals.ir/article_216076_8defb117f190003bc1ec2c675fa774ce.pdfScientific Association of Waste ManagementHuman Ecology3041-92553920250219A Comparative Study of the Role of Geographic Sources of Power in Geopolitical Crises
(Case Study: Ukraine and Taiwan Crisis)A Comparative Study of the Role of Geographic Sources of Power in Geopolitical Crises
(Case Study: Ukraine and Taiwan Crisis)73374621814710.22034/el.2025.501300.1052FASajedBahrami JafPostdoctoral Researcher, Department of Political Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.DaryaMazandaraniPh.D. Candidate, Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.RasulEydiMaster's Degree Holder, Department of Political Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0008-3986-4777Journal Article20250121This study examines the geopolitical crises in Ukraine and Taiwan using a qualitative and comparative approach and analyzes the role of various components of the geography of power, including ethnic and religious compositions, strategic location, natural resources, and human dimensions (human rights), in the formation and escalation of these crises. The findings show that in Ukraine, the ethnic and linguistic compositions in the east of the country, the strategic location as a bridge between Russia and the West, and rich natural resources such as gas and agricultural land have directly contributed to geopolitical competition and have led to foreign interventions. In Taiwan, although the ethnic composition is less diverse, the identity distinction of the Taiwanese from the Chinese and its strategic location in the vital waterways of the China Sea have made this island one of the most sensitive points in the geopolitical confrontations between China and the United States. Also, Taiwan’s role in the semiconductor industry as a strategic resource in the global technology supply chain has strongly influenced international competition. Furthermore, human rights issues have been used as political tools in both crises to justify international interventions and support. This research shows how geographical, identity, and natural resource factors have played a role in exacerbating geopolitical crises and have become tools to advance the goals of great powers.This study examines the geopolitical crises in Ukraine and Taiwan using a qualitative and comparative approach and analyzes the role of various components of the geography of power, including ethnic and religious compositions, strategic location, natural resources, and human dimensions (human rights), in the formation and escalation of these crises. The findings show that in Ukraine, the ethnic and linguistic compositions in the east of the country, the strategic location as a bridge between Russia and the West, and rich natural resources such as gas and agricultural land have directly contributed to geopolitical competition and have led to foreign interventions. In Taiwan, although the ethnic composition is less diverse, the identity distinction of the Taiwanese from the Chinese and its strategic location in the vital waterways of the China Sea have made this island one of the most sensitive points in the geopolitical confrontations between China and the United States. Also, Taiwan’s role in the semiconductor industry as a strategic resource in the global technology supply chain has strongly influenced international competition. Furthermore, human rights issues have been used as political tools in both crises to justify international interventions and support. This research shows how geographical, identity, and natural resource factors have played a role in exacerbating geopolitical crises and have become tools to advance the goals of great powers.https://www.landscapeecologyjournals.ir/article_218147_0850cf88c6c0352033a9aca1f77ebf87.pdfScientific Association of Waste ManagementHuman Ecology3041-92553920250219Investigating the situation of Azeri wife, child abuse in Namin cityInvestigating the situation of Azeri wife, child abuse in Namin city74775623122910.22034/he.2025.550080.1146FADarvishiYousefDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Payam Noor University, Tehran. Iran.FatemehDarvishiMaster student in Psychology, Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.AlirezaShafaiyMaster of Science in Psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250929Urban environment and furniture play an important role in creating peace and mental and mental health of citizens. The research is to investigate the role and effect of urban furniture and spaces on the peace of mind of citizens of Ardabil city. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method and data collection method is library, field and observational. The statistical population is Ardabil city, which due to the large size of the community, sampling was done by random method. The sample size was determined using the Morgan table method to be 287 people, and therefore the questionnaire was distributed among this group. Data analysis was descriptive and inferential using SPSS software and a single-sample T-test. The findings extracted from data analysis using SPSS software and T-test indicate that the results presented for the first, second and third hypotheses are (t = 17.91 (t = 5.919) and (t = 28.366), respectively, and therefore the three hypotheses of the effect of urban furniture and spaces on the components of citizens' mental peace, mental health and satisfaction of Ardabil citizens were confirmed, and this shows that urban space has a reciprocal effect on the psyche. The general conclusion of the research indicates the effect of urban furniture on the psyche of Ardabil citizens. Therefore, it is suggested that urban authorities provide urban furniture in accordance with the mental conditions of citizensUrban environment and furniture play an important role in creating peace and mental and mental health of citizens. The research is to investigate the role and effect of urban furniture and spaces on the peace of mind of citizens of Ardabil city. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method and data collection method is library, field and observational. The statistical population is Ardabil city, which due to the large size of the community, sampling was done by random method. The sample size was determined using the Morgan table method to be 287 people, and therefore the questionnaire was distributed among this group. Data analysis was descriptive and inferential using SPSS software and a single-sample T-test. The findings extracted from data analysis using SPSS software and T-test indicate that the results presented for the first, second and third hypotheses are (t = 17.91 (t = 5.919) and (t = 28.366), respectively, and therefore the three hypotheses of the effect of urban furniture and spaces on the components of citizens' mental peace, mental health and satisfaction of Ardabil citizens were confirmed, and this shows that urban space has a reciprocal effect on the psyche. The general conclusion of the research indicates the effect of urban furniture on the psyche of Ardabil citizens. Therefore, it is suggested that urban authorities provide urban furniture in accordance with the mental conditions of citizenshttps://www.landscapeecologyjournals.ir/article_231229_1367f90120deae4b57b12162a223924d.pdfScientific Association of Waste ManagementHuman Ecology3041-92553920250219Presenting a model of social resilience against climate change risks in the southeast of Iran (Sistan and Baluchistan)Presenting a model of social resilience against climate change risks in the southeast of Iran (Sistan and Baluchistan)75777123428610.22034/he.2025.559870.1165FABaharValizadehPostdoctoral Researcher, Department of Geography, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.AfshinMottaghiDepartment of Political Geography, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-4406-3236Journal Article20251115Introduction: Every year, climatic hazards in different regions of the world lead to the vulnerability of many people. These climate events have an effect on people's lives and food and water security. In some cases, it leads people to move and migrate in pursuit of a safe environment to live. Resilience is one of the sought-after adaptation approaches against environmental hazards in order to reduce vulnerability. Therefore, it is necessary to increase climate resilience against current and future climate risks. This requires a complete and proper understanding of factors affecting climate resilience. Research method: The research method is a library-survey study. For the survey section, a sample consisting of 15 experts and senior experts in the field of geography, environment and policymaking were selected and interviewed in a semi-structured manner. The data are arranged according to the grounded theory. Findings: In a system that claims to be a religious democracy, people are effective in creating acceptance for the government and making it more efficient. However, people's attitude about the extent and manner of playing their role in the government changes over time under the influence of various factors, which is an effective factor in determining the mutual relationship between the people and the government and thus determining the acceptability and efficiency of the system. Therefore, the attitude of the people of Sistan and Baluchistan province towards the relationship between the government and the people and, accordingly, their role in the efficiency of the government, is a determining factor in the way they look at the issues and problems ahead, including climate change and its coping strategies such as climate resilience. This shows the need for the country's macro management to pay attention to public opinion management and to improve the attitude of the people of this region in this regard. Conclusion: In Iran and the southeast region efforts are being made to increase climate resilience, using the available facilities, technologies and social and educational planning. This also requires the government to play an active role in producing change. The national and regional resilience programs and policies can serve to minimize the negative effects of natural events and disasters and reduce migration by improving the relationship between the government and the people.Introduction: Every year, climatic hazards in different regions of the world lead to the vulnerability of many people. These climate events have an effect on people's lives and food and water security. In some cases, it leads people to move and migrate in pursuit of a safe environment to live. Resilience is one of the sought-after adaptation approaches against environmental hazards in order to reduce vulnerability. Therefore, it is necessary to increase climate resilience against current and future climate risks. This requires a complete and proper understanding of factors affecting climate resilience. Research method: The research method is a library-survey study. For the survey section, a sample consisting of 15 experts and senior experts in the field of geography, environment and policymaking were selected and interviewed in a semi-structured manner. The data are arranged according to the grounded theory. Findings: In a system that claims to be a religious democracy, people are effective in creating acceptance for the government and making it more efficient. However, people's attitude about the extent and manner of playing their role in the government changes over time under the influence of various factors, which is an effective factor in determining the mutual relationship between the people and the government and thus determining the acceptability and efficiency of the system. Therefore, the attitude of the people of Sistan and Baluchistan province towards the relationship between the government and the people and, accordingly, their role in the efficiency of the government, is a determining factor in the way they look at the issues and problems ahead, including climate change and its coping strategies such as climate resilience. This shows the need for the country's macro management to pay attention to public opinion management and to improve the attitude of the people of this region in this regard. Conclusion: In Iran and the southeast region efforts are being made to increase climate resilience, using the available facilities, technologies and social and educational planning. This also requires the government to play an active role in producing change. The national and regional resilience programs and policies can serve to minimize the negative effects of natural events and disasters and reduce migration by improving the relationship between the government and the people.https://www.landscapeecologyjournals.ir/article_234286_fb9d6c08e575c336b436e5d3b680a228.pdf