Evaluation Of The Effects Of Rainbow Trout Fish Farms On Qala-Rodkhan River Water Using Physicochemical Parameters - Gilan Province

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Ali Jahani 1
Mahsa Imandar 2
Amir Satari Rad 3
Javid Imanpour 4
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Assessment and Environment Risks Department, Research Center of Environment and Sustainable Development, Tehran, Iran.
2 College of Environment, Karaj, Iran
3 College of Environment, Karaj, Iran.
4 Faculty of Aquaculture Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
10.22034/el.2023.391377.1009
Abstract
The effect of rainbow trout fish farms effluent on the physical and chemical components of Qala Rudkhan river water was investigated. 6 study stations were selected along the river 2 stations from Foshe branch (as control stations) and 4 stations from Qala Rudkhan branch). The parameters were measured every 30 days for 9 months from October 2014 to June 2015. The evidence shows that there is no significant difference between the water physical parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen and flow rate) of the control station and other stations (p>0.05). At the same time, in terms of water chemical parameters (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and ammonium), a significant difference was found between station 1 of Qala Rudkhan (Effluent exit location) and the control station (p<0.05). Also, no significant difference was found between station 4 of Qala Rudkhan and the control station, except for the nitrate component. The results showed that, in the conditions of this research, during the sampling period, the river of Qala Rudkhan has a suitable self-purification capability in the downstream stations.

Keywords

Subjects

  1. Abdollahi., Jahani. A., Rayegani. B., Mohammadi Fazel. A. (2017). Impact Assessment of Dam Construction on Land Use Changes in the Western and Southern Catchments of Lake Urmia Using Satellite Images. Environmental Researches, 8 (15): 39-50. (in Persian)
  2. Adams, S.M. (2002). Biological indicators of aquatic ecosystem stress. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland, 644p.
  3. Afshari, A., Alamdari, P., GholChin, A., Askari, M. S. (2022). Investigating the effect of fish ponds on water quality of Ghezel Ozan river. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 24(2): 273-284. (in Persian)
  4. Afyouni,M., Irfanmanesh, M. (2011). Environmental Pollution: Water, Soil And Air. Arkan Danesh. 290 p. (in Persian)
  5. H. R., Abedini. A., Erfani.M. (2019). the effects of fish farms waste on water quality of Cheshmehkileh river. Journal of Aquatic Caspian Sea, 4(12): 25-36.
  6. (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association; American Water Works Association; Water Environment Federation. Washington, D.C.: APHAAWWA- WEF. ISBN: 9780875532875
  7. M.T., Gerrtsen. B.D., Synder. B.D., Stribling. J.B. (1999). Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in stream and wadeable rivers: periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrate and fish. Second Edition, EPA 841-8-99-002.
  8. Bronmark C, Hansson LA. (2005). The biology of lakes and ponds. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 285 p. (in Persian)
  9. J. A., Gonzalo C., Alonso l. (2011). Assessing trout farm pollution by biological metrics and indices based on aquatic macrophytes and benthic macroinvertebrates. Ecological Indicators, 11: 911–917.
  10. Fishery and aquaculture stastistics. (2014). Food and Agricultural Organisation. Rome, 204 p.
  11. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (2018). Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.
  12. Fries, Loraine., Bowles, David. (2002). Water Quality and Macroinvertebrate Community Structure Associated with a Sportfish Hatchery Outfall. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 64: 257-266.
  13. Froehlich HE, Gentry RR, Halpern BS. (2017). Conservation aquaculture: shifting the narrative and paradigm of aquaculture's role in resource management. Biol Conserv,215:162-168.
  14. Hoseini, S.H., Sajadi, M.M., Kamrani, E.,Soori nezhad, I., Ranjbar, H. (2013). effects of cage fish-farming on damselfish-associated food chains using stable-isotope analyses. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 86, (1–2): 111-121. (in Persian)
  15. Jahan, P., Watanabe, T., Kiron, I., Satoh, S.H. (2003). Improved carp diets based on plant protein sources reduce environmental phosphorus loading. Fisheries Science, Tokyo, 69:219-225.
  16. Jahani, A., Imandar, M., Satari Rad, A., Imanpour Namin, J. (2022). Evaluation of the Effects of Rrainbow Trout Fish Farms on Quality of Qaleh Roudkhan Forest River in Guilan Province Using Biological Indicators. Journal of Environmental Studies, 48(3): 345-362. (in Persian)
  17. Jahani, A., Saffariha, M. (2020). The prediction model of tourism impact assessment in vegetation canopy cover of Qhamishloo National Park and Wildlife Refuge. Journal of Natural Environment, 73(2): 257-270. (in Persian)
  18. Jayasankar, P. (2018). Present status of freshwater aquaculture in India - A review. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 65(4): 157-165.
  19. Karr, J. R. (1998). Rivers as Sentile: Using the Biology of Rivers to Guide Landscape Management, Final Report for USEPA, 28p.
  20. Khalaji, M., Ebrahimi, E., Hashemenejad, H., Motaghe, E., Asadola, S. (2016). Water Quality Assessment of The Zayandehroud Lake Using WQI Index. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 25(5): 51-64. (in Persian)
  21. Khosh Akhlagh, M., Kamrani, E., Ebrahimi Dorcheh, E., Sourinejad, I. (2015). The Effect of Rainbow Trout Farms Effluents on Benthic Macro-Invertebrates of Marber River in Semirom. Journal Of Aquatic Ecology, 5(1): 103-112. (in Persian)
  22. Lazzari, R ., Baldisserotto, B. (2008). Nitrogen and phosphorus waste in fish farming. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34: 591-600.
  23. Mirrasooli, E., Nezami, Sh. A., Ghorbani, R., and Khara, H. (2013). The Impact of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farm effluents on water quality in Zarringol Stream. Journal of Fisheries, 6(2):81-92.
  24. Mizuta, Darien & Froehlich, Halley & Wilson, Jono. (2022). The changing role and definitions of aquaculture for environmental purposes. Reviews in Aquaculture,15(10).
  25. Mustapha, M. K. (2008). Assessment of the Water Quality of Oyun Reservoir, Offa, Nigeria, Using Selected Physico-Chemical Parameters. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 8 (2).
  26. Nasr-Allah, Ahmed., Karanja, Alice., Dompreh, Eric & Murphy, Seamus & Rossignoli, Cristiano & Phillips, Michael & Karisa, Harrison C. (2020). Employment generation in the Egyptian aquaculture value chain: implications for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Aquaculture, 520 (10):1016
  27. Neiland, Arthur., Soley, Neill., Varley, Joan., Whitmarsh, David. (2001). Shrimp aquaculture: Economic perspectives for policy development. Marine Policy, 25: 265-279.
  28. Nybakke, J.W. (1993). Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach. Harper Collins College Publishers, 445 p.
  29. Rezazadeh, S., Jahani, A., Goshtasb, H., Makhdoum Farkhondeh, M. (2019). Development Environmental Impact Assessment in Bashgol Protected Area Using Landscape Degradation Model, Journal of Environment Researches 10 (19): 15-26.
  30. Sadeghi Nezhad, Azar. (2009). The Qala-Rodkhan, a Pearl as Wide as the Mountains and the River. Tourism Magazine.12 (27). (in Persian)
  31. Saffariha, M., Jahani, A., Jahani, R. (2021). A Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Predicting Hyperforin Content in Hypericum Perforatum L. in Different Ecological Habitats. Plant Direct Journal, 5(11): 363.
  32. Self,J.R., Waskom,R.M. (2022). Nitrates in drinking water, no.0.517.Colorado State University Extension, Available from https://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/agriculture/nitrates-in-drinking-water-0-517/. Accessed 23th July 2022.
  33. Shirani Sarmazeh, N., Jahani, A., Goshtasb, H., Etemad, V. (2017). Ecological Impacts Assessment of Recreation on Quality of Soil and Vegetation in Protected Areas (Case Study:Qhamishloo National park and Wildlife Refuge), Natural Environment, 70(4): 881-891.
  34. Shirdel, I., Zabardast Rostami, H. (2020). Assessing the effects of aquaculture farms on water quality of Haraz and Tajan rivers. Journal of Animal Environment, 12(3): 353-364. (in Persian)
  35. Shirmohammadi, I., Jahani, A., Etemad, V., Zargham, N., Makhdoum, M. (2017). Environmental impact assessment in Karkas protected area using degradation model. Environmental researches, 7(14): 91-102.
  36. Simões, F & Moreira, A & Bisinoti, M & Gimenez, S & santos yabe, M. (2008). Water Quality Index as a Simple Indicator of Aquaculture Effects on Aquatic Bodies. Ecological Indicators, 8: 476-484.
  37. Singh, A.K., Mondal, G.C., Kumar, S., Singh, T.B, Tewary BK, Sinha A. (2008). Major ion chemistry, weathering processes and water quality assessment in upper catchment of Damodar River basin. India. Environ Geol, 54:745–758.
  38. Sobhan Ardakani, S., Mehrabi, Z., Ehteshami, M. (2014). Effect of Aquaculture Farms Wastewater on Physicochemical Parameters of Kabkian River, 2011-12. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 24(113): 140-149. (in Persian)
  39. Stickney, R.R., Treece, G.D. (2012). History of aquaculture. In: Tidwell JH, Aquaculture Production Systems. Wiley-Blackwell, 15(50).
  40. Subasinghe, R., Soto, D., Jia, J. (2009). Global Aquaculture and Its Role in Sustainable Development. Rev. Aquac,1: 2-9.
  41. Tavakol, M., Shayeghi, M., Monavari, S., Karbasi, A. (2020). Assessment of Pollution from Trout Farms (Case Study: Haraz River). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22(5): 327-348. (in Persian)
  42. Thirupathaiah, M., Samatha, Ch., Sammaiah, C. (2012) Analysis of Water Quality Using Physico-Chemical parameters in Lower Manair Reservoir of Karimnagar District, Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(1):172-180.
  43. Turcios, A., Papenbrock, J. (2014). Sustainable Treatment of Aquaculture Effluents What Can We Learn from the Past for the Future? Sustainability. 6: 836-856.
  44. Weisi T, Ahmadifard N, Agh N, Kamali M. (2018). Investigating the Effect of Palangan fish Farms on Water Quality of Sirvan River Using Physicochemical and Biological Indicators. J. Aqu. Eco, 8 (1) :41-54 p. (in Persian)
  45. Zarzuela, I., Halaihel, N., Balcázar, J.L., Ortega, C., Vendrell, D., Pérez, T., Alonso, J.L., de Blas, I. (2009). Effect Of Fish Farming on The Water Quality of Rivers in Northeast Spain. Water Science and Technology, 60(3): 663-671.
Human Ecology
Volume 2, Issue 2
Spring 2023
Pages 127-140