نگرشی دوباره به نظریه باغشهر و علل تولید و چالش باغشهرهای ایران ( نمونه موردی : شهر زنجان)

In the city of Zanjan, there is 99.4 square meters of green space per capita, while the detailed plan allocates 8 square meters per citizen, indicating a deficit of 3.01 square meters in urban green space per capita. The consequences of this shortage have manifested in the conversion of agricultural land into garden cities in Zanjan. The aim of the present study, which adopts a descriptive-analytical method with an exploratory approach and is applied in nature, is to revisit the concept of the garden city theory. The statistical population of the study includes experts from the Road and Urban Development Office and the Agriculture Department of Zanjan, as well as professors of geography and urban planning at the University of Tabriz, with 30 individuals selected through the snowball sampling method. In the first stage, verbal variables were defined as triangular fuzzy numbers. Subsequently, the analysis of field data, which included interviews and open-ended questionnaires, was conducted using qualitative content analysis through three stages: open, axial, and selective coding. This process initially identified 12 primary categories. During the axial coding stage, relationships were established between the primary categories, and they were grouped into 6 core categories. In the selective coding stage, the identified core categories were systematically organized into 3 overarching classes. Given that the level of disagreement among experts in the first and second Delphi rounds was below the very low threshold (0.2), the survey was halted at this stage. Weak urban management, inadequate regulations in urban organizations, inefficient management, lack of legal transparency, and the existence of various clauses and notes regarding land use change were identified as factors contributing to the emergence and challenges of the garden city issue in Zanjan. Therefore, it is recommended to clarify laws and their role in preventing land use change and to reduce parallel efforts among governmental organizations.