بررسی تطبیقی نقش منابع جغرافیایی قدرت در بحران‌های ژئوپلیتیکی (نمونه موردی: بحران اوکراین و تایوان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
ساجد بهرامی جاف 1
دریا مازندرانی 2
رسول عیدی 3
1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشجو دکتری، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران.
3 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/el.2025.501300.1052
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد کیفی و تطبیقی به بررسی بحران‌های ژئوپلیتیکی اوکراین و تایوان پرداخته و نقش مؤلفه‌های مختلف جغرافیای قدرت از جمله ترکیب‌های قومی و مذهبی، موقعیت استراتژیک، منابع طبیعی و ابعاد انسانی (حقوق بشر) را در شکل‌گیری و تشدید این بحران‌ها تحلیل می‌کند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که در اوکراین، ترکیب‌های قومی و زبانی در شرق کشور، موقعیت استراتژیک به‌عنوان پلی میان روسیه و غرب، و منابع طبیعی غنی مانند گاز و زمین‌های کشاورزی به طور مستقیم در رقابت‌های ژئوپلیتیکی نقش داشته و موجب مداخلات خارجی شده‌اند. در تایوان، هرچند ترکیب قومی کمتر متنوع است، اما تمایز هویتی تایوانی‌ها از چینی‌ها و موقعیت استراتژیک آن در آبراه‌های حیاتی دریای چین، این جزیره را به یکی از حساس‌ترین نقاط در تقابل‌های ژئوپلیتیکی میان چین و ایالات متحده تبدیل کرده است. همچنین، نقش تایوان در صنعت نیمه‌هادی‌ها به‌عنوان یک منبع استراتژیک در زنجیره تأمین جهانی فناوری، به‌شدت بر رقابت‌های بین‌المللی تأثیر گذاشته است. علاوه بر این، مسائل حقوق بشری در هر دو بحران به‌عنوان ابزارهای سیاسی برای توجیه مداخلات و حمایت‌های بین‌المللی به کار گرفته شده‌اند. این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که چگونه عوامل جغرافیایی، هویتی و منابع طبیعی در تشدید بحران‌های ژئوپلیتیکی نقش داشته و به ابزارهایی برای پیشبرد اهداف قدرت‌های بزرگ تبدیل شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Comparative Study of the Role of Geographic Sources of Power in Geopolitical Crises (Case Study: Ukraine and Taiwan Crisis)

نویسندگان English

Sajed Bahrami Jaf 1
Darya Mazandarani 2
Rasul Eydi 3
1 Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Political Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Master's Degree Holder, Department of Political Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

This study examines the geopolitical crises in Ukraine and Taiwan using a qualitative and comparative approach and analyzes the role of various components of the geography of power, including ethnic and religious compositions, strategic location, natural resources, and human dimensions (human rights), in the formation and escalation of these crises. The findings show that in Ukraine, the ethnic and linguistic compositions in the east of the country, the strategic location as a bridge between Russia and the West, and rich natural resources such as gas and agricultural land have directly contributed to geopolitical competition and have led to foreign interventions. In Taiwan, although the ethnic composition is less diverse, the identity distinction of the Taiwanese from the Chinese and its strategic location in the vital waterways of the China Sea have made this island one of the most sensitive points in the geopolitical confrontations between China and the United States. Also, Taiwan’s role in the semiconductor industry as a strategic resource in the global technology supply chain has strongly influenced international competition. Furthermore, human rights issues have been used as political tools in both crises to justify international interventions and support. This research shows how geographical, identity, and natural resource factors have played a role in exacerbating geopolitical crises and have become tools to advance the goals of great powers.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Geopolitical crisis
Ukraine
Taiwan
geographical sources of power
comparative study
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اکولوژی انسانی
دوره 3، شماره 9
زمستان 1403
صفحه 733-746