تبیین پارامترهای پایداری اجتماعی- محیطی در طراحی پارک های کوهستانی شهری (نمونه موردی: پارک فردوسی تهران)

Population growth, increase in environmental pollution and lack of public and green spaces are the biggest challenge in Tehran. Thus, the creation of green spaces such as parks can be effective place for recreation and social interactions of citizen, and improving environmental conditions. Moreover, designing green spaces based on the principles of socio- environmental sustainability as the main factors of sustainable development can be a step towards the goals of sustainable development. The geographical location of Tehran on the southern slopes of the Alborz Mountain can provide a suitable platform for the creation of parks and mountain resorts based on socio-environmental considerations. This research, with a practical purpose to achieve socio- environmental sustainability criteria in mountain parks’ design, studies these criteria in Ferdowsi Park as a successful example of a sustainable mountain park and urban landscape. The methodology of present paper is descriptive-analytical based on content analysis, which, while being aware of the rules and criteria of socio-environmental sustainability, their characteristics are compared with Ferdowsi Park. The results show that the park design is based on the criteria of socio-environmental sustainability with an emphasis on interactions and social development, citizens' participation, correlation with nature and harmony with the mountain bed, the use of local materials, planting of native and low-water plant species, Optimum use of water and prevention of its wastage. Analyzing the mentioned features in Ferdowsi Park can be used as a strategy in the design of mountain green spaces in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development.