واکاوی و رتبه‌بندی شاخصه‌های معماری سبز در طراحی مساجد و بررسی همسان‌سنجی آن در دوران گذشته و معاصر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
علی صادقی حبیب آباد 1
فائزه اسدپور 2
1 استادیار گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران
10.22034/he.2025.549427.1145
چکیده
این پژوهش با تمرکز بر شناسایی و تحلیل شاخصه‌های معماری سبز در طراحی مساجد و ارزیابی میزان انطباق این شاخصه‌ها در مساجد امروز نسبت به نمونه‌های تاریخی انجام‌شده است. دلیل اصلی توجه به این موضوع، محدود بودن تحقیقات درزمینهٔ به‌کارگیری اصول معماری سبز در طراحی مساجد، به‌ویژه در ایران، است. این در حالی است که مساجد بهعنوان فضاهایی با کارکرد معنوی و اجتماعی، ظرفیت بالایی برای بسط اصول پایداری و نقش‌آفرینی در ارتقای کیفیت محیط‌زیست دارند. در راستای این هدف، پژوهش تلاش کرده است تا پاسخی به سه پرسش کلیدی ارائه دهد: اول اینکه چه شاخصه‌هایی از معماری سبز باید در طراحی یک مسجد لحاظ شوند؟ دوم، کدام‌یک از این شاخصه‌ها تأثیر بیشتری بر بهبود کیفیت معماری مساجد دارد؟ و سوم اینکه مساجد جدید تا چه حد ازنظر رعایت این شاخصه‌ها با نمونه‌های تاریخی قابل قیاس هستند؟ برای پاسخ‌گویی به پرسش‌های مطرح‌شده، روش تحقیق ترکیبی از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و پیمایشی طراحی شد. ابتدا با به‌کارگیری روش دلفی و مشارکت ۹ نفر از خبرگان این حوزه، از بین ۴۰ شاخص پیشنهادی، تعداد ۲۷ شاخص کلیدی انتخاب گردید. سپس بر اساس این شاخص‌ها پرسشنامه‌ای تدوین شد که به ۳۰۰ مهندس معمار ارسال گردید. از مجموع پرسشنامه‌های توزیع‌شده، تعداد ۱۲۶ پرسشنامه معتبر جمع‌آوری‌شده و داده‌های حاصل مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که علی‌رغم افزایش آگاهی نظری پیرامون توسعه معماری سبز، بخش زیادی از شاخصه‌های مهم معماری سبز در طراحی مساجد مدرن کمتر رعایت می‌شوند. ازجمله شاخصه‌هایی که بیشترین تأثیر را در بهبود معماری سبز دارند می‌توان به مواردی مانند بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی، استفاده مؤثر از نور طبیعی و تهویه طبیعی، توجه به اقلیم و جهت‌گیری ساختمان، بهره‌گیری از مصالح بومی و ایجاد انعطاف‌پذیری در کاربری‌های طول زمان اشاره کرد. همچنین بر اساس تحلیل عامل اکتشافی چهار عامل اصلی مرتبط با معماری سبز در طراحی مساجد شناسایی شدند که عبارت‌اند از: عامل اول (طراحی و انرژی)، عامل دوم (کیفیت محیطی)، عامل سوم (مدیریت و پایداری) و عامل چهارم (بافت و فرهنگ). این پژوهش پیشنهاد می‌کند که بازخوانی خلاقانه میراث معماری گذشته، همگام با استفاده از دانش و فناوری‌های معاصر، راهی مؤثر برای دستیابی به طراحی مساجدی سبز و هماهنگ با نیازهای امروز و آینده خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Analysis and Ranking of Green Architecture Features in Mosque Design: A Comparative Study of Historical and Contemporary Eras

نویسندگان English

Ali Sadeghi Habibabad 1
Faezeh Asadpour 2
1 Assistant Professor, Architectural Engineering Department, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

This study focuses on identifying and analyzing the principles of green architecture in mosque design and evaluating the extent to which these principles are applied in modern mosques compared to historical examples. The main motivation for this research lies in the limited studies conducted on the incorporation of green architecture principles in mosque design, particularly in Iran. Mosques, as spaces with spiritual and social functions, hold significant potential for fostering sustainability and contributing to environmental quality improvement. To achieve this objective, the study addresses three key questions: First, what green architecture features should be considered in mosque design? Second, which of these features have the greatest impact on enhancing mosque architecture? Third, how do modern mosques compare to historical examples in adhering to these features? In response to these questions, the research adopts a mixed methodology combining literature review and survey methods. Initially, using the Delphi method and participation from nine experts in the field, 27 key features were selected from an initial pool of 40 proposed attributes. Subsequently, a questionnaire was developed based on these features and distributed to 300 architectural engineers. A total of 126 valid responses were collected and analyzed. The findings reveal that, despite theoretical advancements in understanding green architecture, many critical principles of green architecture are underutilized in modern mosque designs. Among the most impactful features for improving green architecture are energy optimization, effective utilization of natural light and ventilation, consideration of climate and building orientation, use of local materials, and promoting adaptability for long-term functional changes. Moreover, exploratory factor analysis identified four primary factors related to green architecture in mosque design: Design and Energy, Environmental Quality, Management and Sustainability, and Context and Culture. The study advocates for a creative reinterpretation of historical architectural heritage alongside contemporary knowledge and technologies as an effective approach to achieving green mosque designs that meet modern and future needs.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Green Architecture
Mosque Design
Comparative Analysis
Historical and Contemporary Eras
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اکولوژی انسانی
دوره 4، شماره 13
زمستان 1404
صفحه 1629-1647