Identification of Factors Influencing Transformation in Iranian Press Organizations

Document Type : Article extracted From phd dissertation

Authors
Bahman Sharifi Faghih 1
Abdolreza Shah Mohammadi 2
Mohammad Soltanifar 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Media Management, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Media Management, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Social Communication Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/he.2026.541602.1133
Abstract
Transformation and change in Iran’s press organizations over recent decades have become one of the main and central topics in media studies and change management. The main objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing transformation in Iran’s press organizations. In terms of purpose, the research is applied one, and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive–survey-based. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire designed according to scientific criteria. The validity of the research’s questionnaire was confirmed by experts and specialists, and its reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.87, indicating good reliability of the data collection instrument. The population of this study includes all desk editors and journalists working in the press who have more than five years of professional experience and hold at least an university master’s degree. Using probability sampling and Cochran’s formula, a sample size of 384 respondents was determined. Accordingly, 400 questionnaires were distributed among the population’s research, of which 391 questionnaires were valid and suitable for analysis. In this research, the study variables were measured using the items designed in the questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the decline in advertising revenue and the necessity for transformation and change in press organizations. This means that advertising revenue is considered one of the primary sources of financial support for press organizations, and its decline can lead to constraints in content production, a reduction in professional quality, workforce downsizing, and a weakening of media competitiveness. There is also a significant relationship between changes in audience consumption patterns and the necessity for transformation and change in press organizations. This implies that changes in audience consumption patterns are among the most important indicators of transformation in the media environment, directly affecting business models, content production methods, distribution structures, and audience engagement strategies. Furthermore, a significant relationship exists between the instability of media policies and the necessity for transformation and change in press organizations. In other words, instability in media policies creates uncertainty within the organizational environment, weakens long-term planning, reduces coherence in decision-making, and disrupts professional journalistic processes. Such conditions expose press organizations to multiple challenges, including reduced effectiveness, declining audience trust, and increased adaptation costs.

Keywords

Subjects

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Human Ecology
Volume 4, Issue 13
Winter 2026
Pages 1950-1957