بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی و آسایش بصری نمای لووردار افقی در ساختمان‌های اداریِ اقلیم گرم‌وخشک(مطالعه‌ی موردی: شهرکرمان)

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
پرستو ترک زاده ماهانی
منصور نیکپور
محسن قاسمی
گروه معماری، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم، ایران.
10.22034/he.2026.590519.1244
چکیده
در اقلیم‌های گرم و خشک، رواج پوسته‌های اداری شیشه‌محور با تشدید بارهای سرمایشی و بحران خیرگی، گسستی عمیق میان کارایی انرژی و کیفیت زیست‌محیط داخلی پدید آورده است؛ شکافی که در فقدان چارچوب‌های عملکردمحور برای طراحی سایه‌اندازها، غالباً به اتخاذ تدابیر فرمال و غیرفنی منجر می‌شود. این مطالعه با هدف بازشناسی کهن‌الگوهای پارتویی در نماهای مجهز به لوورهای افقی جهت ‌بهینه‌سازی چند معیاره تراز انرژی و آسایش بصری، بر تحلیل نقش تعیین‌کننده نسبت پنجره به دیوار (WWR) و ظرفیت میانجی‌گرانه زاویه تیغه‌ها (Alpha) تمرکز یافته است. یک فضای اداری مبنا در اقلیم کرمان (BWk) در پلتفرم‌های دیزاین‌بیلدر، انرژی‌پلاس و رادیانس مدل‌سازی شد و از طریق طرح تمام‌عاملی، ۶۴۰ سناریوی کالبدی از ترکیب متغیرهای WWR، Alpha، Offset و Spacing تدوین گردید. فرآیند تحلیل داده‌ها در محیط R و با بهره‌گیری از متامدل افزایشی تعمیم‌یافته (GAM) برای ارزیابی انرژی ویژه و شاخص ترکیبی آسایش بصری (VCIndex) صورت گرفت که در نهایت به استخراج جبهه پارتو و خوشه‌بندی راهکارهای غیرمسلط منتهی شد. یافته‌ها مؤید آن است که WWR رژیم انرژی را به شکلی یکنواخت و صعودی بازتعریف می‌کند، در حالی که متغیر Alpha عمدتاً در نقش تعدیل‌گر حرارتی و اهرم اصلی کنترل VC ظاهر می‌شود. واکاوی جبهه پارتو چهار تیپولوژی سازش را آشکار ساخت که در میان آن‌ها، بازه WWR حدود ۴۰ تا ۶۰ درصد و Alpha حدود ۲۰ تا ۴۰ درجه، کارآمدترین توازن عملکردی را ارائه می‌دهد. استخراج سه کهن‌الگوی تصمیم‌پذیر از طریق خوشه‌بندی و تحلیل حساسیت موضعی نشان داد که شکنندگی تصمیمات در رژیم‌های با شفافیت بالا بر عهده WWR بوده و پتانسیل ارتقای کیفی در رژیم‌های میانی مستقیماً به تنظیمات Alpha وابسته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پوسته کنش‌گر
لوور افقی
جبهه پارتو
‌بهینه‌سازی چند معیاره چندهدفه
اقلیم گرم و خشک
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Energy Consumption Optimization and Visual Comfort Performance of Horizontal-Louvered Façades in Office Buildings in Hot-and-Dry Climates

نویسندگان English

Parastoo Torkzadeh Mahani
Mansour Nikpour
Mohsen Ghasemi
Department of Architrcture, Bam.C., Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran
چکیده English

In hot-and-dry climates, the growing prevalence of glass-dominated office façades has intensified cooling loads and glare-related problems, creating a profound disjunction between energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality. In the absence of performance-based frameworks for shading-device design, this gap often results in formalistic and technically unsubstantiated design strategies. This study aims to identify Pareto-based archetypes in façades equipped with horizontal louvers for the multi-criteria optimization of energy performance and visual comfort, with a particular focus on the decisive role of the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and the mediating capacity of louver-blade angle (Alpha). A base office space located in the climate of Kerman, Iran (BWk), was modeled using DesignBuilder, EnergyPlus, and Radiance. Through a full-factorial experimental design, 640 architectural scenarios were generated from combinations of four design variables: WWR, Alpha, Offset, and Spacing. Data analysis was conducted in the R environment using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) meta-model to evaluate energy use intensity and a composite visual comfort index (VCIndex). This process ultimately led to the extraction of the Pareto front and the clustering of non-dominated design solutions. The findings indicate that WWR redefines the energy regime in a predominantly uniform and upward trajectory, whereas Alpha primarily operates as a thermal modulator and the principal control lever for VC. Analysis of the Pareto front revealed four compromise typologies, among which a WWR range of approximately 40–60% and an Alpha range of approximately 20–40° provided the most effective performance balance. The extraction of three decision-oriented archetypes through clustering and local sensitivity analysis further demonstrated that decision fragility in high-transparency regimes is mainly governed by WWR, while the potential for qualitative improvement in intermediate regimes is directly dependent on Alpha adjustments.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Adaptive building envelope
horizontal louver
Pareto front
multi-criteria multi-objective optimization
hot-and-dry climate
1.      Abu-Hijleh, B., & Hammad, F. (2010). The energy savings potential of using dynamic external louvers in an office building. Energy and Buildings, 42(10), 1888–1895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.06.014
2.      Akbari, A. (2020). A Study of Transformation of Iranian Modern Architecture: Evolution of Façade Design in Public Building in Tehran Since 1920s to Present (Master's thesis, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)).
3.      Akther, S., & Alam, G. M. (2020). Climate change causing political instability in the Middle East region: A critical analysis. Journal of Society & Change, 14(2), 75-91.
4.      Al-Tamimi, N. (2022). Passive design strategies for energy efficient buildings in the Arabian desert. Frontiers in Built Environment, 7, 805603.
5.      Attia, S. (2018). Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB): Concepts, frameworks and roadmap for project analysis and implementation. Butterworth-Heinemann.
6.      Bahadori, M. N. (1985). Passive cooling systems in Iranian architecture. Scientific American, 252(2), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0285-144
7.      Bavarsad, F. S., Mohajerani, M., Tywoniak, J., Jiao, Z., & Yuan, J. (2025). Future climate impacts on urban office Buildings: Energy, comfort, and passive solutions in Osaka, Japan. Journal of Thermal Biology, 104212.
8.      Bienvenido-Huertas, D., Sánchez-García, D., Tejedor, B., & Rubio-Bellido, C. (2024). Energy savings in buildings applying ASHRAE 55 and regional adaptive thermal comfort models. Urban Climate, 55, 101892.
9.      Doostmohamadi, S. (2018). Climate design and its role in reducing energy consumption management: A case study of Kerman city of Iran. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(4), 137-142.
10.   Foruzanmehr, A. (2017). Thermal comfort in hot dry climates: Traditional dwellings in Iran. Routledge.
11.   Ganjimorad, M., Fernandez, J. D., & Heiranipour, M. (2024). Impact of wind in urban planning: A comparative study of cooling and natural ventilation systems in traditional Iranian architecture across three climatic zones. Architecture Papers of the Faculty of Architecture and Design STU, 29, 15-29.
12.   Ghasemi Nejad, S., Nikpour, M., & Ghasemi, M. (2022). Investigating the relationship between physical characteristics of residential complexes and the level of thermal comfort of their residents in the hot and dry climate of Kerman. Geography (Regional Planning), 12(4), 994-1016.
13.   Ghazwani, K., Beach, T., & Rezgui, Y. (2025). Energy retrofitting using advanced building envelope materials for sustainable housing: A review. Building and Environment, 267, 112243.
14.   Hamid, B., Mohammad Bagher, A., Mohammad Reza, B., & Mahboubeh, B. (2016). Review of sustainable energy sources in Kerman. World Journal of Engineering, 13(2), 109-119.
15.   Hammad, F., & Abu-Hijleh, B. (2010). Energy savings using dynamic external louvers. Energy and Buildings, 42(10), 1888–1895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.06.014
16.   Heidary, B. (2024). Energy governance scenarios to overcome energy imbalance and environmental instability in Iran. The Scientific Journal of Strategy, 33(3), 3141–432. https://doi.org/10.22034/rahbord.2025.497264.1766.
17.   International Energy Agency (IEA). (2022). World energy outlook 2022. Paris: IEA.
18.   Iqbal, W., Ullah, I., Hussain, A., Cho, M., Park, J., Lee, K., & Shin, S. (2025). Optimizing energy efficiency: Louver systems for sustainable building design. Buildings, 15(7), 1183.
19.   Izadpanahi, P., Farahani, L. M., & Nikpey, R. (2021). Lessons from sustainable and vernacular passive cooling strategies used in traditional Iranian houses. Journal of Sustainability Research, 3(3).
20.   Javanmard, Z., & Nava, C. (2022, May). Investigating the effect of form and material of spatial structures on energy consumption in hot and dry climates case study: Kerman City. In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM: New Metropolitan Perspectives (pp. 1631-1642). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
21.   Kamel, E., & Memari, A. M. (2022). Residential building envelope energy retrofit methods, simulation tools, and example projects: a review of the literature. Buildings, 12(7), 954.
22.   Kamel, T. M., Khalil, A., Lakousha, M. M., Khalil, R., & Hamdy, M. (2024). Optimizing the view percentage, daylight autonomy, sunlight exposure, and energy use: data-driven-based approach for maximum space utilization in residential building stock in hot climates. Energies, 17(3), 684.
23.   Lorenz, C. L., & Jabi, W. (2017). Predicting daylight autonomy metrics using machine learning.
24.   Nakhaee Sharif, A., Keshavarz Saleh, S., Afzal, S., Shoja Razavi, N., Fadaei Nasab, M., & Kadaei, S. (2022). Evaluating and identifying climatic design features in traditional Iranian architecture for energy saving (case study of residential architecture in northwest of Iran). Complexity, 2022(1), 3522883.
25.   Nikpour, M., Shamsolmaali, S., & Dehghani, H. (2012). Creating sustainability in central courtyard houses in desert regions of Iran. International Journal of Architecture and Environment, 1(1), 33–47. https://www.academia.edu
26.   Rahimi, R., & Hassanzadeh, R. (2024). Impacts of horizontal and vertical louvers on the natural cross-ventilation performance of a generic building. International Journal of Ventilation, 23(1), 51-74.
27.   Sadri, F., Mofidi Shemirani, S. M., & Pournaseri, S. (2024). Explaining the buildings’ façade based on meta-heuristic method optimization in the use of daylight, the-state-of-the-art. International Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability, 5(4), 45-65.
28.   Saleem, F., Sahabuddin, M. F. M. S., & Shabbir, K. (2025). Passive design: Sustainable solutions for high-performance architecture. In Exploring Pillars of Sustainability for Modern Age Improvements (pp. 153-200). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
29.   Santamouris, M. (2019). Minimizing energy consumption, energy poverty and global and local climate change in the built environment: Innovating to zero. Energy and Buildings, 165, 4–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.12.022
30.   Sarswat, G., & Kamal, M. A. (2015). Passive cooling through natural ventilation techniques in green buildings: inspirations from the past. Civ Eng Environ Technol, 2(2), 169-173.
31.   Sayadi, S., Hayati, A., & Salmanzadeh, M. (2021). Optimization of window-to-wall ratio for buildings located in different climates: an IDA-indoor climate and energy simulation study. Energies, 14(7), 1974.
32.   Shaeri, J., & Mahdavinejad, M. (2022). Prediction indoor thermal comfort in traditional houses of Shiraz with PMV/PPD model. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 43(1), 270–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2022.2092774
33.   Solaymani, S. (2021). A review on energy and renewable energy policies in Iran. Sustainability, 13(13), 7328.
34.   Tzempelikos, A., & Athienitis, A. K. (2015). The impact of shading design and control on building cooling and lighting demand. Solar Energy, 81(3), 369–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2006.03.009
35.   Veisi, O., Fadaee, N., Rahbar, M., & Ebadi, H. (2021). Daylight optimization and energy retrofit by using proportionate automated louvers in home-based offices (case study: a house in Tehran, Iran). Inter. Confer. Applied Energy 2021, 21, 1-6.
36.   Zahiri, S. (2014). Thermal Performance of Female Secondary School Buildings in Tehran-With Regards to Thermal Comfort and Passive Design Strategies (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sheffield).
اکولوژی انسانی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از 30 تیر 1405