پیشنهاد یک الگوی بهینه برای تدوین استانداردها و الزامات استفاده از فاضلاب تصفیه‌شده و رواناب‌های سطحی در مجموعه‌های فضای سبز

Water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions, such as Iran, has intensified the need for sustainable water management in urban green complexes. This study presents an optimized, context-specific framework for establishing standards and operational requirements for the reuse of treated wastewater and surface runoff. A structured mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating systematic literature review, three rounds of Delphi surveys with 20 experts, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis to identify, validate, and prioritize 11 main criteria and 58 sub-criteria. All pairwise comparisons demonstrated high consistency (CR < 0.10), and sensitivity analysis identified Health and Safety as the most influential dimensions, strongly affecting sustainability outcomes. The proposed model, grounded in a Complex Adaptive Systems perspective, integrates four composite dimensions Environmental–Health, Economic–Technology, Social–Governance, and Safety–Sustainability and supports an Integrated Sustainability Index (ISI) ranging from 0 to 100. Simulation results indicate potential urban water savings of up to 30% and recycling efficiency of 40%, while emphasizing mental health and personal safety to enhance system resilience. By combining regulatory, technological, and operational considerations, the framework bridges theoretical optimization and practical implementation, providing actionable guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and infrastructure managers. This study advances the field by offering a validated, multi-dimensional, and transferable tool for sustainable urban water reuse in green complexes.