Evaluation of Optimal Visibility and Space Syntax Indicators in the Entrance Design of a University Building

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Leila Sadat Hamidian Divkolaei 1
Faeze gholizade 2
Arezou Khorram 3
Ali Bozorgi Amiri 4
1 Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
4 Graduate of M.Sc. in Civil Engineering (Structural Engineering), Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
10.22034/he.2026.564823.1177
Abstract
The placement of entrances in public spaces is a critical factor in shaping user experience, as entrances provide the first visual and perceptual connection to a building. In environments such as universities, offices, and similar public spaces, entrance design influences accessibility, functionality, and user satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the optimal location for a university building entrance using Isovist analysis, which quantifies visible space from a given point. Analyses were conducted in both Grasshopper and Depthmap, with findings validated across platforms to ensure reliability.The central southern boundary of the site was selected for optimization using Galapagos, with parametric rectangular points defined as the process genomes. The largest visible area was evaluated via the Isovist component, identifying the optimal entrance location between the two main entrances of the complex, providing maximum visibility toward the main street. The study also revealed a strong relationship between connectivity and Isovist values: locations with higher connectivity exhibited greater visibility, indicating that spatial integration enhances both visual quality and functionality. Areas combining high connectivity and visibility are therefore ideal for primary entrances, improving user navigation and experience.
Keywords
Isovist
Optimal Design
Connectivity
and Depthmap
Subjects
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Human Ecology

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 24 August 2026