Application of circular architecture principles in optimizing fuel consumption in residential buildings in Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Omid Zamani
Amirreza Behbahani
Master of Architecture, Building Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/he.2025.550734.1147
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the application of circular architecture principles in optimizing fossil fuel consumption in residential buildings in Iran, using a qualitative phenomenological approach. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 15 professional architects from Tehran, Isfahan, Tabriz, and Shiraz and analyzed using thematic analysis and NVivo software. The findings identified four main themes: implementation barriers (high costs, lack of technical knowledge, cultural resistance), innovative opportunities (integration of traditional patterns such as brick and windbreak, digital innovations, interdisciplinary collaboration), practical impact (20-30% reduction in gas consumption, long-term sustainability, 15-25% reduction in CO₂ emissions), and proposed solutions (education, local research, community participation). Strauss and Corbin’s (1998) paradigmatic model showed that opportunities enhance the central phenomenon (optimizing fuel consumption), but barriers moderate it, and solutions manage this moderation. These principles contribute to Iran’s sustainable development and energy security goals by reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Comparison with previous studies showed that traditional Iranian models have similar potential to global approaches, but cultural and economic barriers are more prominent in Iran. Suggestions include: aligning national regulations with circular principles, subsidies for recycled materials, and training of architects. This research fills a qualitative gap in the experiences of Iranian architects and contributes to the development of sustainable architecture.

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Human Ecology
Volume 4, Issue 13
Winter 2026
Pages 1565-1581