Investigating the climatic and environmental challenges resulting from salt dust on buildings in the Urmia Basin and solutions to reduce its damage to human health with the help of architecture

Due to specific natural situations and sometimes the effects of improper performance in environmental protection, Iran is facing numerous environmental crises such as air pollution, earthquakes, floods, heavy snowfalls, storms, and dust phenomena. Climate plays a significant role in dust production, and identifying the climatic factors that are effective in the occurrence of this phenomenon is essential. The main objective of this study is to investigate the climatic and environmental components to deal with salt dust on buildings in the region and to provide solutions to reduce the damage caused by it to human health through architecture. This study attempts to present a simple method for dealing with the climate of the region, considering the relevant information and examining the proposed solutions. The qualitative stage of the research questions is divided into a larger number according to definitions and concepts, and the results are entered into the Atlasti software, and are subjected to open and axial coding with the help of Grand Theory. Then, based on the extracted indicators, a Likert-scale questionnaire is developed and made available to spatial users to examine the factorial contribution and responses to inferential statistics, and the results are entered into the SPSS software and analyzed. Findings: In fact, climate and ecology, environment and health are closely related to each other in terms of correlation, and the microdust caused by the drought of Lake Urmia causes the shape and orientation of buildings to change in the opposite direction of the wind. The study of architectural variables compatible with the climate in dealing with microdust, as well as the simultaneous nature of these two, will be influenced by each of its components. According to the findings of inferential statistics, it was determined that the highest factorial contribution is related to vegetation with a value of (0.958) and the lowest is related to natural resources with a value of (0.004). In the next stage, in the correlation section between the obtained components, it was determined that the building orientation component with a value of (1.00) has the highest correlation and the sufficient humidity component with a value of (0.032) has the lowest correlation with other components. An important and fundamental issue that is doubly important considering the climate of the region and the design in harmony with the environment on the site is that despite the existence of organizations and institutions related to construction, this issue is often ignored. The criteria for creating a suitable living space should be based on human needs and the climatic conditions of the region to prevent dust particles from entering the building. Considering climatic factors and paying attention to human comfort are among the main requirements in the construction process that can have positive consequences. Among these consequences, we can mention reducing energy consumption, reducing related costs, and eliminating some human concerns such as dust particles, especially in the East and West Azerbaijan regions. Considering these issues, the importance of addressing environmental crises and the need to revive Lake Urmia is not only due to the preservation of its valuable ecosystem at a global level, but also due to its direct impact on human health. Also, to combat dust, the design of buildings should be such that their angle is proportional to the direction of the wind and prevents dust from penetrating into the interior space.