بررسی نگرش ایرانی ها نسبت به حضور مهاجرهای هم زبان شرقی: افغان ها در آیینه کامنت های اینستاگرامی ایرانی ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
قادر بالاخانی 1
امید حیدرنژاد 2
1 استادیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه سنجش و اندازه گیری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/he.2025.540794.1128
چکیده
مهاجرت گسترده افغانستانی‌ها به ایران به عنوان یک پدیده اجتماعی برجسته، نگرش‌های متنوعی را در جامعه ایرانی ایجاد کرده است. اهمیت این پدیده ریشه در پیوستگی فرهنگی و تاریخی دو ملت دارد، اما همواره با چالش‌هایی مانند تراکم جمعیت، رقابت بر سر منابع و تنش‌های اجتماعی همراه بوده است. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی نگرش‌ها و الگوهای فکری کاربران ایرانی اینستاگرام نسبت به مهاجران افغانستانی، به چگونگی بازنمایی این نگرش‌ها در کامنت‌ها می‌پردازد. پژوهش با رویکرد تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام شد و نمونه شامل ۵۱۲ کامنت که به طور هدفمند از صفحات خبری، اجتماعی و آموزشی اینستاگرام (تیر تا آذر ۱۴۰۳) بود که بر اساس معیارهایی مانند ارتباط موضوعی، تعامل و تنوع برگزیده شدند. متون بر اساس چهارچوب مفهومی الو و کینگاس تحلیل گردیدند. پنج مضمون اصلی شناسایی شد: تهدید ادراک‌شده (تحدید منابع و تهدید امنیتی)، برتری‌جویی ملی‌گرایانه، اضطرار دولت-ملت، تصورات قالبی و حمایتگری (عاطفی و عقلانی). یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که تهدید ادراک شده، برتری جویی ملی گرایانه، اضطرار دولت- ملت و تصورات قالبی، گفتمان طرد مهاجران را تقویت می‌کند، در حالی که حمایتگری به شمولیت اجتماعی کمک می‌کند. این پژوهش به درک فضای پارادوکسیکال فرهنگی-اجتماعی مهاجرت افغانستانی‌ها در ایران کمک کرده و پیشنهاد می‌دهد سیاست‌های مهاجرتی بازنگری شوند، گفتمان‌های انسانی ترویج یابند و پژوهش‌های آینده بر بسترهای متنوع‌تر تمرکز کنند تا تنش‌ها در فضای جغرافیای انسانی موجود کاهش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Qualitative Analysis of Iranians' Attitudes Toward the Presence of Afghan Migrants as Reflected on Instagram

نویسندگان English

Ghader Balakhani 1
Omid Heydarnezhad 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A. Student, Department of Assessment and Measurement, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The extensive migration of Afghans to Iran, as a prominent social phenomenon, has generated diverse attitudes within Iranian society. The significance of this phenomenon is rooted in the cultural and historical continuity between the two nations, yet it has consistently been accompanied by challenges such as population density, competition over resources, and social tensions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the attitudes and thought patterns of Iranian Instagram users toward Afghan migrants, addressing how these attitudes are represented in comments. The research employed a qualitative content analysis approach, with a sample consisting of 512 purposively selected comments from news, social, and educational Instagram pages (from Junel to December 2024), chosen based on criteria such as thematic relevance, user engagement, and diversity of perspectives. The texts were analyzed using the framework proposed by Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). Five main themes were identified: perceived threat (including resource scarcity and security risks), nationalistic superiority, state-nation urgency (support or opposition to migration policies), stereotypes and prejudice, and supportiveness (emotional and rational). The findings reveal that perceived threat, nationalistic superiority, state-nation urgency, and stereotypes reinforce the discourse of migrant deportation, whereas supportiveness contributes to social inclusion. This research enhances understanding of the paradoxical cultural-social space surrounding Afghan migration in Iran and recommends revising migration policies, promoting humane discourses, and directing future studies toward more diverse contexts to reduce tensions in the existing human geography space.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Afghanistan
Iran
human geography
social exclusion
migration
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اکولوژی انسانی
دوره 4، شماره 13
زمستان 1404
صفحه 1592-1603