ارزیابی دسترسی افراد معلول به خدمات آتش‌نشانی در سطح شهر اردبیل

نوع مقاله : مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری

نویسندگان
احد بدلی اجیرلو
علیرضا محمدی
لطف اله ملکی
گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری و روستایی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
10.22034/he.2025.553101.1155
چکیده
عدالت فضایی در دسترسی گروه‌های آسیب‌پذیر به خدمات اضطراری، از جمله خدمات آتش‌نشانی، یکی از ارکان اساسی ایمنی و شهروندی فراگیر در شهرهای معاصر محسوب می‌شود. این پژوهش با رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی و با هدف ارزیابی دسترسی فضایی افراد دارای معلولیت به ایستگاه‌های آتش‌نشانی در شهر اردبیل انجام شده است. داده‌های پژوهش شامل موقعیت ۶۵۸۶ فرد معلول ثبت‌شده در اداره بهزیستی استان، هفت ایستگاه آتش‌نشانی فعال و شبکه معابر شهری است که با استفاده از روش‌های تحلیل شبکه، محدوده خدماتی (Service Area) و مدل تخصیص مکان (Location-Allocation) در محیط GIS تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که توزیع جمعیت معلول در سطح شهر به‌صورت خوشه‌ای و نامتوازن است؛ به‌طوری که منطقه ۴ بیشترین (۱۹۶۷ نفر) و منطقه ۳ کمترین (۶۱۷ نفر) تعداد را داراست. همچنین، هیچ ایستگاه آتش‌نشانی در منطقه ۵ یکی از مناطق حاشیه‌ای و آسیب‌پذیرمستقر نیست. با وجود این، بیش از ۹۹٫۸ درصد افراد معلول در شعاع پاسخ‌دهی ۷ دقیقه‌ای قرار دارند. با این‌حال، تحلیل‌های فضایی هشدار می‌دهند که دسترسی ظاهری لزوماً معادل دسترسی واقعی نیست، زیرا موانع کالبدی، ارتباطی و نهادی می‌توانند مؤثر باشند. پیشنهادهایی با رویکرد تحقق اهداف توسعه پایدار (SDG) و اصول کنوانسیون حقوق افراد دارای معلولیت سازمان ملل متحد برای مکان‌یابی بهینه ایستگاه جدید به‌ویژه در منطقه ۵، بازنگری در معیارهای توزیع خدمات و تلفیق متغیرهای جمعیتی آسیب‌پذیر در برنامه‌ریزی بحران می‌تواند دسترسی بهینه به خدمات آتش‌نشانی را برای کلیه افراد به‌ویژه معلولین تسهیل نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluating Accessibility of Fire Services for people with Disabilities in Ardabil City

نویسندگان English

Ahad Badali Ajirlou
Alireza Mohammadi
Lotfollah Maleki
Department of Geography and Urban and Rural Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده English

Spatial equity in access to emergency services particularly fire and rescue services for vulnerable populations is a fundamental pillar of inclusive urban safety and citizenship in contemporary cities. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to evaluate the spatial accessibility of people with disabilities to fire stations in Ardabil city, Iran. The research dataset comprises the geolocated records of 6,586 registered individuals with disabilities from the provincial Welfare Organization, seven operational fire stations, and the city’s road network. Analyses were conducted using Network Analysis, Service Area delineation, and Location-Allocation modeling within a GIS environment. Findings reveal a clustered and uneven spatial distribution of the disabled population across the city: District 4 hosts the highest number (1,967 individuals), while District 3 has the lowest (617 individuals). Notably, District 5 a peripheral and socioeconomically vulnerable area lacks any fire station. Despite this, over 99.8% of individuals with disabilities reside within the standard 7-minute emergency response radius. However, spatial analyses caution that nominal (or apparent) accessibility does not necessarily equate to actual accessibility, as physical, communicative, and institutional barriers can significantly impede effective service delivery. To advance spatial justice and align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), the study recommends optimizing fire station locations particularly by establishing a new station in District 5 revising service distribution criteria, and integrating vulnerability-related demographic variables into emergency planning frameworks. Such measures can substantially enhance equitable access to fire and rescue services for all citizens, especially persons with disabilities.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

disabled people
fire services
Service Area
Location-Allocation
1.      Ardabil Province Welfare Organization. (2024). Statistics of disabled people of Ardabil city until 2024. Ardabil, Iran.
2.      Arul, U. (2020). Access to healthcare facilities among the disabled people towards the public healthcare institution. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(3), 4334–4338.
3.      Asgari, A. (2011). Spatial statistics analysis with ArcGIS. Publications of Tehran Municipality Information and Communication Technology Organization.
4.      Basooli, M. (2021). Disabled-friendly city landscape; Landscape approach in the tourist destination environment. Manzar Journal, 12(52), 18–27. [Persian]
5.      Bolouri, S., Vafaeinejad, A., Alesheikh, A., & Aghamohammadi, H. (2020). Minimizing response time to accidents in big cities: A two ranked level model for allocating fire stations. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13, Article 789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05728-6
6.      Díaz, M. E., García, A., & Martínez, J. (2020). Urban growth and fire risk: A spatial analysis in medium-sized cities. Sustainability, 12(18), 7543. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187543
7.      Esfandfard, M., Wahab, R. B. C., & Amat, H. (2020). Is Tehran’s public spaces disability friendly? IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 409, 012045. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/409/1/012045
8.      Faheem, H., El Shorbagy, A., & Gabr, M. (2024). Impact of traffic congestion on transportation system: Challenges and remediations – A review. MEJ Mansoura Engineering Journal, 49(2). https://doi.org/10.58491/2735-4202.3191
9.      Ghasemi, M., & Ali Khanizadeh, M. (2024). Spatial distribution analysis and optimal location of fire stations with a crisis management approach (Case study: Shiraz City). Quarterly Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 3(10), 61–74.
10.   Giles-Corti, B., Gunn, L., Hooper, P., Boulange, C., Diomedi, B. Z., Pettit, C., et al. (2019). Built environment and physical activity. In M. Nieuwenhuijsen & H. Khreis (Eds.), Integrating human health into urban and transport planning (pp. 347–381). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01382-2_14
11.   Halden, D. (2005). Accessibility analysis: Literature review. Transport Studies Group, University of Westminster.
12.   Jui-Hung, K., Wei-Chen, W., Cheng-Hu, C., & Horng-Twu, L. (2021). The discussion of potential care needs for physically and mentally disabled citizens in Taipei City by using spatial analysis. Sustainability, 13(5), 2665. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052665
13.   Karimzade, H., Rahimzadeh, N., & Shokati, Z. (2021). Spatial and temporal analysis of educational and health services in rural areas. Geographical Studies of Dry Areas, 11(42), 23–42. [Persian]
14.   Kiani, B., Mohammadi, A., Bergquist, R., & Bagheri, N. (2021). Different configurations of the two-step floating catchment area method for measuring the spatial accessibility to hospitals for people living with disability: A cross-sectional study. Archives of Public Health, 79, 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00601-8
15.   Lai, W., Han-lun, L., Qi, L., Jing-yi, C., & Yi-jiao, C. (2011). Study and implementation of fire sites planning based on GIS and AHP. Procedia Engineering, 11, 486–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.687
16.   Mahmoudzadeh, M., Mohammadi, A., & Ghaffari Gilandeh, A. (2022). Spatial-temporal analysis of fire disasters in Ardabil city (2015–2020). Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 13(52), 117–134.
17.   Maqami, A., & Shakarami, M. (2019). The right to recreation and leisure of disabled people in the light of international documents. Journal of Legal Studies, 10(1), 306–344. [Persian]
18.   Mitchell, A. (2005). The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis, Volume 2: Spatial Measurements & Statistics. ESRI Press.
19.   Mohammadi, A., Pishgar, E., & Hoseini, L. (2023). Spatial analysis of disability using GIS: Case study: Ardabil province. Applied Research Journal of Geographical Sciences, 22, 57–87. [Persian]
20.   Najmeddin, S., & Ahmadi, M. (2016). Tailoring coastal park for the use of veterans and people with physical-motion disabilities (Case study: Noshahr Beach Park). European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings, 4(4), 646–651.
21.   Noroozi, G., Dehghani, H., & Abassi, A. (2021). Citizenship rights of people with disabilities in accessible tourism: Comparative comparison of Barcelona and Isfahan. Medical Law Quarterly, 14(52), 165–189. [Persian]
22.   Nouri, S., Mohammadi, A., & Ghaffari Gilandeh, A. (2024). Safety analysis and prioritization of urban areas in order to allocate urban relief service centers (Case study: Ardabil City). Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 14(55), 150–166.
23.   Pazhhan, A., Pirahari, N., & Roostaei, S. (2019). Studying the accessibility of services and facilities for visually impaired people: Tehran city. Quarterly of Applied Studies in Social Sciences and Sociology, 3, 19–37. [Persian]
24.   Penchansky, R., & Thomas, J. W. (1981). The concept of access: Definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. Medical Care, 19(2), 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198102000-00001
25.   Rahnema, M. R., & Fakhrian, A. M. (2013). Analysis of access to health services in Mashhad city. Quarterly Journal of Physical Spatial Planning, 1(3), 62–74. [Persian]
26.   Salha, R. A., Jawabrah, M., Badawy, U., Jarada, A., & Alastal, A. (2020). Towards smart, sustainable, accessible and inclusive city for persons with disability by taking into account checklists tools. Journal of Geographic Information System, 12, 348–371. https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2020.124022
27.   Shahraki, A. A. (2021). Urban planning for physically disabled people’s needs with case studies. Spatial Information Research, 29(2), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-020-00343-9
28.   Silverman, B. W. (1986). Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall.
29.   Statistical Centre of Iran (SCI). (2016). Population and housing census 2016. https://www.amar.org.ir
30.   Vahidnia, M. H., Vahidi, H., Hassanabad, M. G., & Shafiei, M. (2022). A spatial decision support system based on a hybrid AHP and TOPSIS method for fire station site selection. Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis, 6(2), Article 30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41651-022-00125-x
31.   World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). World report on disability. Geneva: WHO Press.
32.   Yari Hesar, A., & Mohammadi, C. H. (2023). Evaluation and prioritization of five areas of Ardabil city based on creative city indicators. Journal of Geography and Human Relations, 6(3), 284–303. [Persian]
اکولوژی انسانی
دوره 4، شماره 13
زمستان 1404
صفحه 1648-1659